Paxos v2 and Lightweight Transactions in Apache Cassandra®
Lightweight Transactions (LWTs) in Apache Cassandra are a powerful tool for ensuring linearizable consistency in distributed environments, which is essential for preventing concurrent overwrites and ensuring unique entries. As we explore in this blog, LWTs rely on the Paxos consensus protocol, which has a new implementation, Paxos v2, available to use in Cassandra 4.1+. This upgrade brings significant improvements in performance, reduced WAN communications, and new repair requirements. However, it's still important to use LWTs judiciously and not as a default approach for all Cassandra data updates. By understanding the benefits and limitations of LWTs, and following the necessary configuration steps such as setting the paxos_variant to v2 and adjusting application consistency levels to ANY, you can leverage LWTs more efficiently to address specific use cases without compromising Cassandra's high availability and scalability. And, as we look to the future, the upcoming integration of the Accord protocol for ACID transactions in 5.1 promises to further expand the capabilities of Apache Cassandra.